Key points
- The e-waste amendments took effect for most Basel Parties on 1 January 2025.
- Hazardous e-waste is classified under A1181 and other e-waste under Y49.
- Transboundary movements of both categories are subject to prior informed consent.
- Used equipment intended for genuine repair or reuse is not automatically waste, but the distinction must be evidenced.
Why the classification changed
The Basel Convention e-waste amendments expanded international control over electrical and electronic waste. For most Parties, the new entries took effect on 1 January 2025. Guidance published in 2026 helps authorities and operators distinguish the categories and apply the new codes.
Hazardous e-waste is covered by entry A1181. Other e-waste requiring special consideration is covered by Y49. Both are subject to the Convention's prior informed consent procedure for transboundary movements.
Prior informed consent in practical terms
Before an export proceeds, the competent authorities of the countries concerned must receive the required notification and consent according to the applicable procedure. Transit countries may also be involved. A commercial invoice or a claim that equipment will be refurbished is not a substitute for the waste-shipment controls.
The rule covers exports, imports and transit of the relevant waste. It is designed to reduce movements to destinations that cannot manage the material safely and to make responsibility visible before the load leaves.
Waste or used equipment?
Not every second-hand device is waste. Equipment genuinely destined for direct reuse, failure analysis, repair or refurbishment can fall outside the waste entries when the facts support that conclusion. The distinction is frequently abused, so documentation matters.
Useful evidence can include:
- Testing records and proof that the equipment functions or can realistically be repaired.
- A contract identifying the receiving organisation and intended reuse operation.
- Adequate packaging that protects the equipment during transport.
- A clear inventory with model, quantity and condition.
- Removal of broken, obsolete or uneconomic items from the shipment.
A mixed container of untested screens, damaged appliances and loose components is difficult to defend as a normal used-goods shipment.
Why collection quality matters
E-waste contains valuable metals and components but can also contain hazardous substances, damaged lithium batteries and refrigerants. Poor collection and packing can create fires, releases and worker exposure before the shipment even reaches a treatment plant.
Local collection sites should therefore separate batteries, damaged devices and temperature-control equipment where required. A lawful international route begins with safe local handling and accurate records.
What organisations should review
- Waste-versus-product classification procedures.
- Codes A1181 and Y49 and any relevant national rules.
- Export, import and transit permissions.
- Downstream facility permits and treatment standards.
- Battery identification and fire-prevention measures.
- Contracts that prohibit unauthorised onward shipment.
WasteSpot view
The crossed-out wheelie-bin symbol tells a user not to place electrical equipment in ordinary household waste. It does not prove that any later export is legal or environmentally sound. Collection, classification and international movement are separate compliance steps.
Practical impact
The amendments close a major control gap for non-hazardous e-waste shipments. They also make it more important to prove when used equipment is genuinely destined for reuse rather than disposal.
